![]() Going through the ones that are very relevant to humanity,īut over time, you'll probably familiarize Temperatures and react in certain ways- weĬall them elements. Have these specific properties at certain And so just to getĭifferent substances- these pure substances that Has the properties of carbon? And if you were Smallest unit, of this stuff, of this substance, that still Smaller chunks, is there some smallest chunk, some Keep breaking down this carbon, into smaller and So these are things that we'veĪll, kind of, that humanity has observed for The temperature high enough on gold or lead, youĬould get a liquid. Is carbon or oxygen or nitrogen, that seems to have different Type of air particles you're looking at, whether it It looks like there's certain types of air, andĬertain types of air particles. Website, right over there- all of these are in Shown pictures of, here- and I got them all from this To observe how they react with each other inĬertain circumstances. Light in a certain way, or not reflect light, orīe a certain color, or at a certain temperature, be Substances tend to have different properties. They're often shown separate because to include them would make the periodic table rather long and difficult to print onto papers and textbooks so they condense it as such.įor thousands of years, just looking at ourĭifferent substances. ![]() Side note The two rows at the bottom are sometimes confused as separate rows from the rest of the periodic table, but are actually part of the 6th and 7th rows which fit in-between groups 3 and 4 (or groups 2 and 3, there is some disagreement exactly where the break is). Elements in the second row can have 8 valence electrons now since the second energy level can hold up to 8 electrons. So elements in the first row (hydrogen and helium) can have 2 valence electrons because they only have access to the first energy level which only holds 2 electrons. The rows (or periods) tell you broadly how many electrons are in the energy levels (or shells) of elements. To the left of them in group 17 are the halogens which are still greatly different in size but are very reactive now still thanks to their valance electrons. So for example on the far right in group 18 are the noble gases which, while greatly different in size, all are common in that they are very unreactive. There are specific reasons why it's shaped the way it is.Įlements which occupy the same column (or group) have the similar reactivities based on how many valance electrons they have. Not a stupid question at all, a very good one because some people might think the periodic table is arbitrarily shaped the way it is. They attract because opposite charges of similar magnitude attract one another. And the number of electrons is typically dictated by the number of protons, because protons have a nearly equal positive charge, in comparison to the aforementioned electrons. ![]() Much of these behaviors are due to the number of electrons (negatively charged particles). And again, if you were to break an atom apart into its electrons, protons and neutrons, those building blocks would no-longer exhibit the behavior and properties that they exhibited as a combined mass. Indeed the heavier elements were created in the supernovas of dying stars (we're all made of star dust! how special!) Anyways what conceptually separates an atom from the subatomic particles which comprise it is the fact that when these individual particle come together they assume properties that the particles would lack alone. An atom is a conglomeration of subatomic particles that were fused together under extreme heats and pressures many millions/ billions of years ago.
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